校园网中VLAN划分与配置

摘要：随着校园网的不断发展，规模在不断扩大，用户在不断增加，网络应用也在不断增长，网络变得越来越拥挤，冲突不断产生，管理难度日益加大。学校内部对于灵活、动态地组建LAN网段的要求也越来越多，客观上要求LAN本身的结构可以实现动态组建、调整和管理。为了有效地提高网络管理的灵活性，提高网络效率和网络安全性，充分合理地进行VLAN划分，是必需的。本文通过对校园网进行VLAN规划，详细的介绍了VLAN的相关知识。在校园网中使用的是华为Quidway S8016、Quidway S3026和港湾µHammer24E交换机配置VLAN。在校园网中进行合理VLAN划分，可通过解决端口隔离充分防止冲突的产生，并且可以简化校园网的管理及提高网络的安全性。

关键词：  IP  VLAN  冲突  规划  三层交换技术

VLAN is divided and disposed in campus network

Summary: With the constant development of campus network, the scale is expanding constantly, users are increasing constantly, network application is increasing constantly too, the network becomes more and more crowded, the conflict is being produced constantly, the difficulty in management is strengthened day by day. To setting up demand of section of LAN network more and more too flexibly and dynamically inside the school, Require the structure of LAN itself to realize that set up, adjust and manage dynamically objectively. In order to improve the flexibility of network management effectively, improve the efficiency of the network and network security, it is essential to divide VLAN abundantly and rationally. This text is through planning VLAN to campus network, the relevant knowledge of detailed introduction VLAN. It is China that uses to dispose VLAN for Quidway S8016, Quidway S3026 and harbour Hammer24E exchanger in campus network.. Divide rational VLAN in campus network, can isolate the production that fully prevented the conflict through solving ports, and can simplify the management of campus network and security of improving the network .

Keyword: IP  VLAN  conflict  Plan  Swapper of three layers

目录

引言......................................................................................................................................... 4

1. VLAN 技术简介.................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 什么是三层交换技术................................................................................................... 5

1.2 什么是VLAN............................................................................................................... 6

1.3 VLAN的优点............................................................................................................... 6

1.3.1 提高网络性能.................................................................................................. 7

1.3.2 组建虚拟组织.................................................................................................. 7

1.3.3 简化网络管理.................................................................................................. 7

1.3.4 提高网络安全.................................................................................................. 7

1.3.5 减少设备投资.................................................................................................. 8

2. VLAN 的划分方式................................................................................................................ 8

2.1. 基于端口划分的VLAN................................................................................................ 8

2.2 基于MAC地址划分VLAN.............................................................................................. 8

2.3 基于网络层协议类型划分VLAN................................................................................... 9

2.4 基于网络层子网地址划分VLAN................................................................................... 9

2.5 基于网络层组播地址划分VLAN................................................................................... 9

2.6 基于网络层以上协议乃至应用程序的类型划分VLAN.................................................... 9

3 VLAN的实现与配置.............................................................................................................. 10

3.1 VLAN实现过程.......................................................................................................... 10

3.2 校园网的IP地址分配与VLAN的规划......................................................................... 11

3.3  VLAN 的配置实例.................................................................................................... 12

3.3.1基于华为S3026的VLAN的配置........................................................................ 12

3.3.2基于华为Quidway S8016的VLAN配置............................................................. 16

4. VLAN 之间的通信.............................................................................................................. 17

4.1 通过路由器实现VLAN间的通信................................................................................. 17

4.1.1通过路由器的不同物理接口与交换机上的每个VLAN分别连接.......................... 18

4.1.2通过路由器的逻辑子接口与交换机的各个VLAN连接........................................ 18

4.2 用交换机代替路由器实现VLAN间的通信................................................................... 18

5 VALN的新用途..................................................................................................................... 18

结论....................................................................................................................................... 22

参考文献................................................................................................................................ 22

致谢....................................................................................................................................... 22